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- GUIDE TO TRADEMARKS
-
-
- NOTICE: CHANGES IN THE LAW PERTAINING TO FEDERAL
TRADEMARK
- REGISTRATION TAKE EFFECT ON NOVEMBER 16, 1989. THE
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN INCORPORATES THESE CHANGES.
-
- BASIC FACTS ABOUT TRADEMARKS
-
- A TRADEMARK may be a word, symbol, design or combination
- word and design, a slogan or even a distinctive sound
which
- identifies and distinguishes the goods or services of one
party
- from those of another. Used to identify a service, it can
be
- called a service mark. In general, throughout this
pamphlet the
- term trademark will refer to both trademarks and service
marks.
- Normally, a trademark for goods appears on the product or
on
- its packaging, while a service mark is usually used in
- advertising to identify the owner' s services.
- A trademark is different from a copyright or a patent. A
- copyright gives protection for an artistic or literary
work and
- a patent gives protection for an invention.
- Unlike a copyright or patent, trademark rights can last
- indefinitely if the mark continues to perform a
- source-indicating function. The term of the Federal
trademark
- registration is 10 years, with 10 year renewal terms.
However,
- between the fifth and sixth year after the date of the
- registration, the registrant must file an affidavit
stating the
- mark is currently in use in commerce. If no affidavit is
filed,
- the registration will be cancelled.
- Trademark fights arise from either (1) use of the mark, or
- (2) a bona fide intention to use a mark, along with the
filing
- of an application to Federally register that mark on the
- Principal Register. A Federal trademark registration is
not
- required in order for a trademark to be protected, and a
- trademark may be used without obtaining a registration.
- Before a trademark owner may file an application for a
- Federal registration, the owner must either (1) use the
mark on
- goods which are shipped or sold, or services which are
- rendered, in commerce regulated by Congress (e.g.,
interstate
- commerce or commerce between the U.S. and a foreign
country),
- or (2) have a.bona fide intention to use the mark in such
- commerce in relation to specific goods or services.
-
- BENEFITS OF REGISTRATION
-
- WHILE Federal registration is not necessary for trademark
- certain advantages:
- 1 The filing date of the application is a constructive
date
- of first use of the mark in commerce (this gives
- registrant nationwide priority as of that date, except as
- to certain prior users or prior applicants);
- 2 The right to sue in Federal court for trademark
- infringement;
- 3 Recovery of profits, damages and costs in a Federal
court
- infringement action and the possibility of treble damages
- and attorneys' fees;
- 4 Constructive notice of a claim of ownership (which
- eliminates a good faith defense for a party adopting the
- trademark subsequent to the registrant's date of
- registration);
- 5 The right to deposit the registration with Customs in
- order to stop the importation of goods bearing an
- infringing mark;
- 6 Prima facie evidence of the validity of the
registration,
- registrant's ownership of the mark and of registrant's
- exclusive right to use the mark in commerce in connection
- with the goods or services specified in the certificate;
- 7 The possibility of incontestability, in which case the
- registration constitutes conclusive evidence of the
- registrant's exclusive right, with certain limited
- exceptions, to use the registered mark in commerce;
- 8 Limited grounds for attacking a registration once it is
- five years old;
- 9 Availability of criminal penalties and treble damages in
- an action for counterfeiting a registered trademark;
- 10 A basis for filing trademark applications in foreign
- countries.
-
- NOTICE
-
- ONCE a Federal registration is issued, the registrant may
- give notice of registration by using the symbol, or the
phrase
- "Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office"
or "Reg. U.S.
- Pat. & Tm. Off." Although registration symbols
may not be
- lawfully used prior to registration, many trademark owners
use
- a TM or SM (if the mark identifies a service) symbol to
- indicate a claim of ownership, even if no Federal
trademark
- application is pending.
-
- THE REGISTRATION PROCESS
-
- THE Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) is responsible for
- the Federal registration of trademarks. When an
application is
- filed, it is reviewed to determine if it meets the
requirements
- for receiving a filing date (see page 4). If the filing
- requirements are riot met, the entire mailing, including
the
- fee, is returned to the applicant. If the application
meets the
- filing requirements, it is assigned a serial number, and
the
- applicant is sent a filing receipt.
- The first part of the registration process is a
- determination by the Trademark Examining Attorney as to
whether
- the mark may be registered. An initial determination of
- registrability, listing any statutory grounds for refusal
as
- well as any procedural informalities in the application,
is
- issued about three months after filing. The applicant must
- respond to any objections raised within six months, or the
- application will be considered abandoned. If, after
reviewing
- the applicant's response, the Examining Attorney makes a
final
- refusal of registration, the applicant may appeal to the
- Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, an administrative
tribunal
- within the PTO.
- Once the Examining Attorney approves the mark, the mark
- will be published in the Trademark Official Gazette, a
weekly
- publication of the PTO. Any other party then has 30 days
to
- oppose the registration of the mark, or request an
extension of
- time to oppose. An opposition is similar to a proceeding
in the
- Federal district courts, but is held before the Trademark
Trial
- and Appeal Board. If no opposition is filed, the
application
- enters the next stage of the registration process.
- If the mark published based upon its actual use in
- commerce, a registration will issue approximately 12 weeks
from
- the date the mark was published.
- If, instead, the mark published based upon applicant's
- statement of a bona fide intention to use the mark in
commerce,
- a notice of allowance will issue approximately 12 weeks
from
- the date the mark was published. The applicant then has
six
- months from the date of the notice of allowance to either
(1)
- use the mark in commerce and submit a statement of use, or
(2)
- request a six-month extension of time to file a statement
of
- use (see forms and instructions at back of booklet). The
- applicant may request additional extensions of time only
as
- noted in the instructions on the back of the form.
-
- STATUTORY GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL
-
- THE Examining Attorney will refuse registration if the
- mark or term applied for:
- 1 Does not function as a trademark to identify the goods
or
- services as coming from a particular source;for example,
- the matter applied for is merely ornamentation;
- 2 Is immoral, deceptive or scandalous;
- 3 May disparage or falsely suggest a connection with
- persons, institutions, beliefs or national symbols, or
- bring them into contempt or disrepute;
- 4 Consists of or simulates the flag or coat of arms or
other
- insignia of the United States, or a State or municipality,
- or any foreign nation;
- 5 Is the name, portrait or signature of a particular
living
- individual, unless he has given written consent; or is the
- name, signature or portrait of a deceased President of the
- United States during the life of his widow, unless she has
- given her consent;
- 6 So resembles a mark already registered in the PTO as to
be
- likely, when used on or in connection with the goods of
- the applicant, to cause confusion, or to cause mistake, or
- to deceive;
- 7 Is merely descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive of
the
- goods or services;
- 8 Is primarily geographically descriptive or deceptively
- misdescriptive of the goods or services of the applicant;
- 9 Is primarily merely a surname.
- A mark will not be refused registration on the grounds
- listed in numbers 7, 8 and 9 if the applicant can show
that,
- through use of the mark in commerce, the mark has become
- distinctive so that it now identifies to the public the
- applicant's goods or services. Marks which are refused
- registration on the grounds listed in numbers 1, 7, 8 and
9 may
- be registrable on the Supplemental Register, which
contains
- terms or designs considered capable of distinguishing the
- owner's goods or services, but that do not yet do so. A
term or
- design cannot be considered for registration on the
- Supplemental Register unless it is in use in commerce in
- relation to all the goods or services identified in the
- application, and an acceptable allegation of use has been
- submitted. If a mark is registered on the Supplemental
- Register, the registrant may bring suit for trademark
- infringement in the Federal courts, or may use the
registration
- as a basis for filing in some foreign countries. None of
the
- other benefits of Federal registration listed on page 1
apply.
- An applicant may file an application on the Principal
Register
- and, if appropriate, amend the application to the
Supplemental
- Register for no additional fee.
-
- TRADEMARK SEARCH LIBRARY
-
- A RECORD of all active registrations and pending
- applications is maintained by the PTO to help determine
whether
- a previously registered mark exists which could prevent
the
- registration of an applicant's mark. (See ground for
refusal
- No. 6, above.) The search library is located near
Washington,
- D.C. at Crystal Plaza 2, 2nd Floor, 2011 Jefferson Davis
- Highway, Arlington, VA 22022, and is open to the public
free of
- charge Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 5:30 pm. The PTO
- cannot advise prospective applicants of the availability
of a
- particular mark prior to the filing of an application. The
- applicant may hire a private search company or law firm to
- perform a search if a search is desired before filing an
- application and the applicant is unable to visit the
search
- library. The PTO cannot recommend any such companies, but
the
- applicant may wish to consult listings for "Trademark
Search
- Services" in the telephone directories or contact
local bar
- associations for a list of attorneys specializing in
trademark
- law.
-
- WHO MAY FILE AN APPLICATION
-
- THE owners of marks may file and prosecute their own
- applications for registration, or be represented by an
- attorney. The Patent and Trademark Office cannot help
select an
- attorney.
-
- FILING REQUIREMENTS
-
- AN application consists of (1) a written application form;
- (2) a drawing of the mark; (3) the required filing fee;
and,
- only if the application is filed based upon prior use of
the
- mark in commerce, (4) three specimens showing actual use
of the
- mark on or in connection with the goods or services. A
separate
- application must be filed for each mark for which
registration
- is requested.
- Following is a description of each of these elements of a
- complete application. The written application form is the
first
- form of four forms at the back of the booklet and is
titled
- "Trademark/Service Mark Application, Principal
Register, with
- Declaration." [The back page of the form is printed
upside down
- so that it may be affixed to the application file at the
top
- and still be easily read.]
-
- Written Application Form
-
- THE application must be written in English. The enclosed
- form may be used for either a trademark or service mark
- application. Additional forms may be photocopied. The
following
- explanation covers each blank, beginning at the top.
- Heading. Identify (a) the mark (e.g. "ERGO" or
"ERGO and
- design") and (b) the class number(s) of the goods or
services
- for which registration is sought. Classification is part
of the
- PTO's administrative processing. The International
- Classification of Goods and Services is used (see inside
back
- cover of this booklet). The class may be left blank if the
- appropriate class number is not known.
- Applicant. The application must be filed in the name of
- the owner of the mark. Specify, if an individual,
applicant's
- name and citizenship; if a partnership, the names and
- citizenship of the general partners and the domicile of
the
- partnership; if a corporation or association, the name
under
- which it is incorporated and the state or foreign nation
under
- the laws of which it is organized. Also indicate the
- applicant's post office address.
- Identification of Goods or Services. State briefly the
- specific goods or services for which the mark is used or
- intended to be used and for which registration is sought.
Use
- clear and precise language, for example, "women's
clothing
- namely, blouses and skirts," or "computer
programs for use by
- accountants," or "retail food store
services." Note that the
- identification of goods or services should describe the
goods
- the applicant sells or the services the applicant renders,
not
- the medium in which the mark appears, which is often
- advertising. "Advertising" in this context
identifies a service
- rendered by advertising agencies. For example, a
restaurateur
- would identify his service as "restaurant
services," not
- "menus, signs, etc." which is the medium through
which the mark
- is communicated.
- Basis for Application. The applicant must check at least
- one of four boxes to specify the basis for filing the
- application. Usually an application is based upon either
(1)
- prior use of the mark in commerce (the first box), or (2)
a
- bona fide intention to use the mark in commerce {the
second
- box), but not both. If both the first and second boxes are
- checked, the Patent and Trademark Office will not accept
the
- application and will return it to the applicant without
- processing.
- The last two boxes pertain to applications filed in the
- United States pursuant to international agreements, based
upon
- applications or registrations in foreign countries. These
bases
- are asserted relatively infrequently. For further
information
- about foreign-based applications, the applicant may call
the
- trademark information number listed in this booklet or
contact
- a private attorney.
- If the applicant is using the mark in commerce in relation
- to all the goods or services listed in the application,
check
- the first box and state each of the following:
- -- The date the trademark was first used anywhere in the
U.S.
- on the goods, or in connection with the services,
- specified in the application;
- -- The date the trademark was first used on the specified
- goods, or in connection with the specified services, sold
- or shipped (or rendered) in a type of commerce which may
- be regulated by Congress;
- -- The type of commerce in which the goods were sold or
- shipped or services were rendered [for example,
- "interstate commerce" or "commerce between
the United
- States and (specify foreign country)"]; and
- -- How the mark is used on the goods, or in connection
with
- the services [for example, "the mark is used on
labels
- which are affixed to the goods," or "the mark is
used in
- advertisements for the services"].
- If the applicant has a bona fide intention to use the mark
- in commerce in relation to the goods or services specified
in
- the application, check the second box. This would include
- situations where the mark has not been used at all or
where the
- mark has been used on the specified goods or services only
- within a single state (intrastate commerce).
- Execution. The application form must be dated and signed.
- (See back of form.) The declaration and signature block
appear
- on the back of the form. The Patent and Trademark Office
will
- not accept an unsigned application and will return it to
the
- applicant without processing. By signing the form, the
- applicant is sweating that all the information in the
- application is believed to be true. If the applicant is an
- individual, the individual must execute it; if joint
- applicants, all must execute; if a partnership, one
general
- partner must execute the application; and if a corporation
or
- association, one officer of the organization must execute
the
- application.
-
- 2. Drawing
-
- THE drawing is a representation of the mark as actually
- used or intended to be used on the goods or services.
There are
- two types; (a) typed drawings and (b) special form
drawings.
- All drawings must be made upon pure white durable nonshiny
- paper 8 1/2" wide by 11" long. One of the
shorter sides of the
- sheet should be regarded as its top. There must be a
margin of
- at least one inch on the sides and bottom of the paper and
at
- least one inch between the drawing of the mark and the
heading.
- The drawing is different than the specimens, which are the
- actual tags or labels (for goods) or advertisements (for
- services) which evidence use of the mark in commerce. The
- drawing is a black and white, or typed, rendition of the
mark
- which is used in printing the mark in the Official Gazette
and
- on the registration certificate. A copy of the drawing is
also
- fried in the paper records of the Trademark Search Library
to
- provide notice of the pending application.
- Heading. Across the top of the drawing, beginning one inch
- from the top edge and not exceeding one third of the
sheet,
- list on separate lines:
- -- Applicant's name;
- -- Applicant's post office address;
- -- The goods or services specified in the application (or
- typical items of the goods or services if there are many
- goods or services listed);
- -- Only in an application based on use in commerce--the
date
- of first use of the mark anywhere in the U.S. and the date
- of first use of the mark in commerce;
- -- Only in an application based on a foreign
application--the
- filing date of the foreign application.
- Typed drawing. If the mark is only words, or words and
- numerals, and the applicant does not wish the registration
to
- be issued for a particular depiction of the words and/or
- numerals, the mark may be typed in capital letters in the
- center of the page.
- Special form drawing. This form must be used if the
- applicant wishes the registration for the mark to be
issued in
- a particular style, or if the mark contains a design
element.
- The drawing of the mark must be done in black ink, either
with
- an india ink pen or by a process which will give
satisfactory
- reproduction characteristics. Every line and letter,
including
- words, must be black. This applies to all lines, including
- lines used for shading. Half-tones and gray are not
acceptable.
- All lines must be clean, sharp, and solid, and not be fine
or
- crowded. A photolithographic reproduction, printer's proof
or
- camera ready copy may be used if otherwise suitable.
- Photographs are not acceptable. Photocopies are acceptable
only
- if they produce an unusually clear and sharp black and
white
- rendering. The use of white pigment to cover lines is not
- acceptable.
- The preferred size of the drawing of the mark is 2
1/2" x
- 2 1/2", and in no case may it be larger than 4"
x 4". The
- Patent and Trademark Office will not accept an application
with
- a special form drawing depicted larger than 4" by
4" and will
- return the application without processing. If the amount
of
- detail in the mark precludes clear reduction to the
required 4"
- x 4" size, such detail should not be shown in the
drawing but
- should be verbally described in the body of the
application.
- Where color is a feature of a mark, the color or colors
- may be designated in the drawing by the linings shown in
the
- following chart:
-
-
- 3. Specimens (Examples of Use)
-
- TRADEMARKS may be placed on the goods; on the container
- for the goods; on displays associated with the goods; on
tags
- or labels attached to the goods; or, if the nature of the
goods
- makes such placement impractical, then on documents
associated
- with the goods or their sale. Service marks may appear in
- advertisements for the services, or in brochures about the
- services, or on business cards or stationary used in
connection
- with the services.
- For an application based on actual use of the mark in
- commerce, the applicant must furnish three examples of
use, as
- described in the paragraph above, when the application is
- filed. The Patent and Trademark Office will not accept an
- application based on use in commerce without at least one
- "specimen" and will return it to the applicant
without
- processing.
- The three "specimens" may be identical or they
may be
- examples of three different types of uses. The three
specimens
- should be actual labels, tags, containers, displays, etc.
for
- goods; and actual. advertisements, brochures, store signs
or
- stationary (if the nature of the services is clear from
the
- letterhead or body of the letter), etc. for services.
Specimens
- may not be larger than 8 1/2" by 11" and must be
capable of
- being arranged flat. Three-dimensional or bulky material
is not
- acceptable. Photographs or other reproductions clearly and
- legibly showing the mark on the goods, or on displays
- associated with the goods, may be submitted if the manner
of
- affixing the mark to the goods, or the nature of the
goods, is
- such that specimens as described above cannot be
submitted.
-
- 4. Filing Fee
-
- THE fee, effective April 17, 1989, is $175 for each class
- of goods or services for which the application is made.
(See
- International Classification of Goods and Services on
inside
- back cover.) At least $175 must be submitted for the
- application to be given a filing date. All payments should
be
- made in United States specie, treasury notes, national
bank
- notes, post office money orders, or certified checks.
Personal
- or business checks may be submitted. The Patent and
Trademark
- Office will cancel credit if payment cannot be collected.
Money
- orders and checks should be made payable to the
Commissioner of
- Patents and Trademarks. Money sent by mail to the Patent
and
- Trademark Office will be at the risk of the sender;
letters
- containing cash should be registered. Remittances made
from
- foreign countries must be payable and immediately
negotiable in
- the United States for the full amount of the fee required.
- Application fees are non-refundable.
-
- FURTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR INTENT-TO-USE APPLICANTS
-
- AN applicant who alleges only a bona fide intention to use
- a mark in commerce must make use of the mark in commerce
before
- a registration will be issued. After use begins, the
applicant
- must submit, along with specimens evidencing use (see page
8)
- and a fee of $100 per class of goods or services in the
- application, either (1) an Amendment to Allege Use or (2)
a
- Statement of Use. The difference between the two filings
is the
- timing of the filing. Copies of each of these forms appear
in
- the back of this booklet behind the application form. See
the
- instructions and information concerning the filing of
these
- forms on the back of each form.
- Also in the back of this booklet is a form entitled
- "Request for Extension of Time under 37 CFR 2.89 to
File a
- Statement of Use, with Declaration." This form is
intended for
- use only when. an applicant needs to request an extension
of
- time to file a statement of use. See the instructions and
- information concerning the use of this form on the back of
the
- form.
-
- FOREIGN APPLICANTS
-
- DOMESTIC REPRESENTATIVE. Applicants not living in the
- United States must designate by a written document the
name and
- address of some person resident in the United States on
whom
- notices of process in-proceedings affecting the mark may
be
- served. This person will also receive all official
- communications unless the applicant is represented by an
- attorney in the United States.
-
- COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE PTO
-
- THE application and all other communications should be
- addressed to "The Commissioner of Patents and
Trademarks,
- Washington, D.C., 20231." It is preferred that the
applicant
- indicate its telephone number on the application form.
Once a
- serial number is assigned to the application the applicant
- should refer to this number in all telephone and written
- communications concerning the application.
-
- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
-
- The Federal registration of trademarks is governed by the
- Trademark Act of 1946, 15 U.S.C. See. 1051 et seq.; the
Rules,
- 37 C.F.R. Part 2; and the Trademark Manual of Examining
- Procedure.
-
-
- General Trademark or Patent Information:
- (703) 557-INFO
- Status Information for Particular Trademark Applications:
- (703) 557-5249
- General Copyright Information:
- (202) 479-0700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- International schedule of classes of goods and services
-
- Goods
-
- 1 Chemicals products used in industry, science,
photography,
- agriculture. horticulture, forestry, artificial and
- synthetic resins; plastics in the form of powders, liquids
- or pastes, for industrial use; manures (natural and
- artificial); fire extinguishing compositions; tempering
- substances and chemical preparations for soldering;
- chemical substances for preserving foodstuffs; tanning
- substances; adhesive substances used in industry.
- 2 Paints, varnishes. lacquers; preservatives against rust
- and against deterioration of wood; colouring matters,
- dyestuffs; mordants; natural resins; metals in foil and
- powder form for painters and decorators.
- 3 Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry
- use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive
- preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics,
- hair lotions; dentifrices.
- 4 Industrial oils and greases (other than oils and fats
and
- essential oils); lubricants; dust laying and absorbing
- compositions; fuels (including motor spirit) and
- illuminants; candles, tapers, night lights and wicks.
- 5 Pharmaceutical, veterinary, and sanitary substances;
- infants' and invalids' foods; plasters, material for
- bandaging; material for stopping teeth, dental wax,
- disinfectants; preparations for killing weeds and
- destroying vermin.
- 6 Unwrought and partly wrought common metals and their
- alloys; anchors, anvils, bells, rolled and cast building
- materials; rails and other metallic materials for railway
- tracks; chains (except driving chains for vehicles);
- cables and wires (nonelectric); locksmiths' work; metallic
- pipes and tubes; safes and cash boxes; steel balls;
- horseshoes; nails and screws; other goods in nonprecious
- metal not included in other classes; ores.
- 7 Machines and machine tools; motors (except for land
- vehicles); machine couplings and belting (except for land
- vehicles); large size agricultural implements; incubators.
- 8 Hand tools and instruments; cutlery, forks, and spoons;
- side arms.
- 9 Scientific, nautical, surveying and electrical apparatus
- and instruments (including wireless), photographic,
- cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring,
- signalling, checking (supervision), life-saying and
- teaching apparatus and instruments; coin or counterfreed
- apparatus; talking machines; cash registers; calculating
- machines; fire extinguishing apparatus.
- 10 Surgical, medical, dental, and veterinary instruments
and
- apparatus (including artificial limbs, eyes and teeth).
- 11 Installations for lighting, heating, steam generating,
- cooking, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, water supply,
- and sanitary purposes.
- 12 Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or
water.
- 13 Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosive
- substances; fireworks.
- 14 Precious metals and their alloys and goods in precious
- metals or coated therewith (except cutlery, forks and
- spoons); jewelry, precious stones, horological and other
- chronometric instruments.
- 15 Musical instruments (other than talking machines and
- wireless apparatus).
- 16 Paper and paper articles, cardboard and cardboard
- articles; printed matter, newspaper and periodicals,
- books; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery,
- adhesive materials (stationery); artists' materials; paint
- brushes; typewriters and office requisites (other than
- furniture); instructional and teaching material (other
- than apparatus); playing cards; printers' type and cliches
- (stereotype).
- 17 Gutta percha, india rubber, balata and substitutes,
- articles made from these substances and not included in
- other classes; plastics in the form of sheets, blocks and
- rods, being for in manufacture; materials for packing,
- stopping or insulating; asbestos, mica and their products;
- hose pipes (nonmetallic).
- 18 Leather and imitations of leather, and articles made
from
- these materials and not included in other classes; skins,
- hides; trunks and travelling bags; umbrellas, parasols and
- walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery.
- 19 Building materials, natural and artificial stone,
cement,
- lime, mortar, plaster and gravel; pipes of earthenware or
- cement; roadmaking materials; asphalt, pitch and bitumen;
- portable buildings; stone monuments; chimney pots.
- 20 Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; articles (not
included
- in other classes) of wood, cork, reeds, cane, wicker,
- horn, bone, ivory, whalebone, shell, amber,
- mother-of-pearl, meerschaum, celluloid, substitutes for
- all these materials, or of plastics.
- 21 Small domestic utensils and containers (not of precious
- metals, or coated therewith); combs and sponges; brushes
- (other than paint brushes); brushmaking materials;
- instruments and material for cleaning purposes, steel
- wool; unworked or semi-worked glass (excluding glass used
- in building); glassware, porcelain and earthenware, not
- included in other classes.
- 22 Ropes, string, nets, tents, awnings, tarpaulins, sails,
- sacks; padding and stuffing materials (hair, kapok,
- feathers, seaweed, etc.); raw fibrous textile materials.
- 23 Yarns, threads.
- 24 Tissues (piece goods); bed and table covers; textile
- articles not included in other classes.
- 25 Clothing, including boots, shoes and slippers.
- 26 Lace and embroidery, ribands and braid; buttons, press
- buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles; artificial
- flowers.
- 27 Carpets, rugs, mats and matting; linoleums and other
- materials for covering existing floors; wall hangings
- (nontextile).
- 28 Games and playthings; gymnastic and sporting articles
- (except clothing); ornaments and decorations for Christmas
- trees.
- 29 Meats, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts;
preserved,
- dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams;
- eggs, milk and other dairy products; edible oils and fats;
- preserves, pickles.
- 30 Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago, coffee
- substitutes; flour, and preparations made from cereals;
- bread, biscuits, cakes, pastry and confectionery, ices;
- honey. treacle; yeast, baking powder; salt, mustard,
- pepper, vinegar, sauces, spices; ice.
- 31 Agricultural, horticultural and forestry products and
- grains not included in other classes; living animals;
- fresh fruits and vegetables; seeds; live plants and
- flowers; foodstuffs for animals, malt.
- 32 Beer, ale and porter; mineral and aerated waters and
other
- nonalcoholic drinks; syrups and other preparations for
- making beverages.
- 33 Wines, spirits and liqueurs.
- 34 Tobacco, raw or manufactured; smokers' articles;
matches.
-
- Services
-
- 35 Advertising and business.
- 36 Insurance and financial.
- 37 Construction and repair.
- 38 Communication.
- 39 Transportation and storage.
- 40 Material treatment.
- 41 Education and entertainment.
- 42 Miscellaneous.
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